Anuradhapura – The Sacred Ancient Capital of Sri Lanka

Anuradhapura, one of Sri Lanka’s most treasured ancient cities, stands as a symbol of the island’s glorious past and deep-rooted Buddhist heritage. Located in the North Central Province, Anuradhapura was the first capital of ancient Sri Lanka and served as a thriving political and religious center for over a thousand years. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that draws pilgrims and travelers from around the world who come to witness its majestic ruins, ancient stupas, and sacred temples.

A Journey Through Ancient History

Founded in the 4th century BC, Anuradhapura was established by King Pandukabhaya and later became the seat of many powerful monarchs. It flourished as a sophisticated city, boasting advanced irrigation systems, royal palaces, and massive religious monuments. The city’s ruins still stand as a testament to the architectural brilliance and spiritual devotion of ancient Sri Lanka.

Walking through the sacred city feels like stepping back in time. The ancient monasteries, stone carvings, and monumental stupas give visitors a glimpse of a civilization that valued both technological progress and religious harmony.

Sacred Sites and Religious Monuments

Anuradhapura is home to some of the most revered Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka. The most sacred of all is the Sri Maha Bodhi Tree, believed to be a sapling of the original Bodhi tree under which Lord Buddha attained enlightenment in India. Planted over 2,300 years ago, it is the oldest living human-planted tree in the world and a site of continuous worship.

Another must-visit landmark is the Ruwanwelisaya Stupa, one of the largest stupas in Sri Lanka. Built by King Dutugemunu in the 2nd century BC, this gleaming white dome is a masterpiece of ancient engineering and faith. Nearby stands the Jetavanaramaya Stupa, once the third tallest structure in the ancient world, showcasing the grand scale of Buddhist architecture.

Visitors should also explore the Thuparamaya Dagoba, the first stupa built in Sri Lanka after Buddhism was introduced to the island. Other important sites include Abhayagiriya, Mirisawetiya, and Isurumuniya Temple, which is famous for its intricate rock carvings and serene atmosphere.

Exploring the Ruins and Reservoirs

Beyond the religious monuments, Anuradhapura’s ruins reveal an advanced urban culture. The remains of ancient palaces, monastic complexes, and bathing ponds tell the story of a highly developed society. The Twin Ponds (Kuttam Pokuna) are a prime example of ancient hydraulic engineering, reflecting the skill and creativity of Sri Lanka’s early civilizations.

The city was also known for its ingenious irrigation systems. The vast Tissa Wewa and Nuwara Wewa reservoirs, built by ancient kings, continue to supply water to the region today. These man-made lakes not only supported agriculture but also added to the scenic beauty of the ancient capital.

Visiting Anuradhapura Today

Anuradhapura is easily accessible from Colombo, Dambulla, and other major cities. The best time to visit is between May and September when the weather is dry and pleasant. Travelers can explore the vast archaeological sites by bicycle, tuk-tuk, or on guided tours to make the most of their experience.

While exploring, visitors are encouraged to dress modestly, especially when entering temple areas, as Anuradhapura remains a deeply spiritual place for Buddhists. Local guides are available to share stories and legends that bring the ruins to life.

A Living Heritage of Faith and Culture

Anuradhapura is not just an ancient city—it is a living heritage site where spirituality, history, and culture intertwine. Pilgrims continue to light oil lamps, offer flowers, and meditate under the sacred Bodhi tree, maintaining a connection that has lasted over two millennia.

For anyone visiting Sri Lanka, a journey to Anuradhapura is an unforgettable experience. It offers a perfect blend of history, spirituality, and tranquility—making it one of the most remarkable destinations in the island’s Cultural Triangle.